7.WEED MANAGEMENT
Give two hand weedings on 15 and 35 days after sowing.
8.PROTECTION OF THE SEEDLINGS
AGAINST INSECT PESTS
If sucking pests are noted, spray 5% Neem Kernal Extract.
9.WATER MANAGEMENT
Irrigate immediately after sowing, 3rd day after sowing,
bud initiation, 50% flowering and pod development stages. Water stagnation
should be avoided.
10.PROTECTING INFLORESCENCE
AND PODS FROM POD BORERS
The economic threshold levels for the following insects
are:
a.Maruca testulalis spotted borer-3/plant
b.Exelastes atomosa pod borer-5/plant
Whenever Helicoverpa is predominant, apply NPV at
500 LE/ha in 0.1% Teepol. Spraying NSKE5% twice
NSKE 5%, Neem oil 2% is effective in the management
of pest complex and for higher yield.
11.DISEASE MANAGEMENT
i. Sterility mosaic: Rogue out the infected
plants in the early stages of growth. Spray NSKE 5% Pseudomonas fluorescens
on noticing the initial symptoms and repeat after a fortnight.
ii. Wilt and root rot:
a. Spot drench around the base of the affected plants
as well as healthy plants surrounding them with Pseudomonas fluorescens
@ 2g/litre for wilt and root rot.
b. Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5
kg/ha mixed with 50 kg of well decomposed FYM/sand at 30 days after
sowing.
iii. Varieties VRI 1 and TMV 3 are moderately resistant
to cyst nematodes.
12.HARVESTING THE CROP
Harves the plants when 80% of the pods are mature.
Stack the plants for a few days.
13.INTER-CROPPING
Raising one rwo of redgram as inter crop for every
six rows of groundnut (6:1) is recommended for Aliyarnagar regionduring
Khariff season.
a. Multistoreyed cropping: For rainfed Vertisols of
Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi districts recording more than
300 mm of rainfall during the crop growth period, multistoreyed cropping
system Agathi + Redgram (CO 5) + Cotton (MCU 10) + Blackgram (CO 5)
is highly profitable. (Agathi in 1 tier with 1 x 1 m spacing - Redgram
in IItier with a spacing of 45 x 20 cm - Cotton in the III tier with
a spacing of 45 x 15 cm - Blackgram inthe IV tier with the spacing
of 30 x 10 cm.)
For rainfed Vertisols receiving less than300 mm of
rainfall, Agathi + Sorghum (CO 26) + Cotton (MCU 10) + Blackgram (CO
5) system is ideal. For both systems, apply 40 kg N and 20 kg P2O5/ha.
(Agathi in I tier with a spacing of 1 x 1 m - Sorghum in II tier with
a spacing of 45 x 15 cm - Cotton in III tier with the spacing of 45
x 15 cm and Blackgram in IV tier with 30 x 10 cm).
14.PROTECTING THE SEEDS FROM
STORAGE PESTS
a) Dry the seeds adequately to reduce moisture levelto
10%
b) SEED: Admix onekgof activated clay r every
100 kg of seed. Pack in polythene lined gunny bags for storage.
15.NUTRITIONAL DISORDERS
Greengram/Blackgram/Cowpea/Redgram
Zinc: Symptom appears within a month of sowing. The
plants are stripped with yellow or pale green foliage. Veins and mix
ribs of the leaves are green although tissue around them bacomes yellow
and bronzed.
Iron: Reduced concentration of Chlorophyll in leaves
- pale leaf colour maybe indistinguishable from deficiency of nitrogen
or other elements.
V. SEED TECHNOLOGY
1. SELECTION OF SEED FOR
SOWING
Remove all discoloured seeds. Use onlyhighly germinable
(90% and above)and normal coloured seeds retained by the wiremesh
sieve, B.S.S. 5 x 5 (aperture width 3.35 mm) for large seeded varieties
and B.S.S. 6 x 6 (2.8 mm) for small seeded varieties.
2.PRE-SOWING TREATMENT
Soak the seeds before sowing for 3 hrs inaqueous solution
of SnSO4 100 ppm (10 g/100 lit of water) at
1/3 volume of seeds and quickly air dry in shade to their original
weight.
3.SEED TREATMENT
Treat the seeds with Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g?kg
of seeds After air-drying, treat the seeds with the Rhizobial culture
before sowing, following the recommended procedures.
4.APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
Basal 25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5/ha
5.SUPPLEMENTARY FOLIAR APPLICATION
Spray 250 litres of aqueous solution containing urea,
DAP, muriate of potash and potassium sulphate at 10.0, 2.6, 1.75 and
1.4 kg respectively with the addition of succinic acid at 40 gm and
teepol at 120 ml per hectare onthe 55th and 70th day after sowing.
The spray application should be made only in the afternoon.
6.SOWING
Dibble the seeds at about 4 to 5 cm depth at the side
of the ridges
7.SPACING
A spacing of 40 x 30 cm may be adopted.
8.HARVESTING
Pods shouldbe harvested 40 days after the 50% flowering
stage in order to obtain seeds possessing high germination vigrour
and storability.
9. PRE-HARVEST SANITATION
SPRAY
3-5 days before harvesting, application of pre-harvest
sanitation sprays with NSKE 5% will minimise bruchid infestation
10.POST HARVEST PROCESSING
FOR STORING SEEDS
Dry the pods immediately to about 12 to 13 per cent
moisture content and thresh to separate the seeds in a pre-cleaner.
Dry the seeds to 10 per cent moisture content. Size grade using wire
mesh sieve B.S.S. 5 x 5 (width of square aperture 3.35 mm) for large
seeded varieties and 6 x 6 (2.8 mm) for small seeded varieties and
reject those that pass through these sieve as well as the discoloured
and broken seeds.
11.SOTRAGE
The graded seeds should befurther dried to 7 to 8
per cent moisture content and treated with
i. For grain cum seed storatge, activated clay, need
oil, groundnut oil, leaf powder of tobacco, nochi, neem, Albizzia
amara (arappu) and fruit rind powder of Sepindus laurifolius (Poochi
kottai) and Acacia concinna (Soapnut powder) also can be used for
storage of seeds.
ii. For storing seeds in dry places like Coimbatore
upto six months, they should be packed in fresh gada cloth or gunny
bags. For storing in humid areas and for long term (1 - 2 years) storage
they should be packed in moisture-vapour-proof container like polythene
bags of 700 gauge thickness. These bags should be filled with seeds
leaving only sifficient space to close their opening by perfectly
heat-sealing to make it air tight. They should be stitched and closed.
These bags may in turn be covered by gunnybags and closed before stocking
to prevent slipping. Store the bags on racks or wooden pallets ina
dry storage room. Pigeon pea hybrid ICPH 8 produced during khariff
had better seed quality than summer. A planting ratio of 1:6 (Male:Female)
and application of 30:60:20 kg NPK ha is to be adopted. Two foliar
sprays of DAP 2% one at 50% flowering and the second at 10 days after
augumented the seed yield and seed quality. The seeds attain physiological
maturity 35 days after 50% flowering accompanied by change of pod
colour from green to brown. The hybrid seeds can be processed using
11/64" sieve. The seeds dried to 6% moisture content and treater
either with activated clay (10 g Kg ha) and packed in 600 gauge polythene
bag prevented bruchid and maintained 80% germination upto 8 months
under ambient condition. Seed parent (MS Prabhat DT) has better storage
potential than the pollinator (ICPL 161) or the hybrid (ICPH 8)
BSR 1 - PERENNIAL REDGRAM
BSR 1 Redgram a long duration variety having a duration
of 180 days and canbe kept in fields for more than two years after
ratooning. The plants are semi spreading with non determinate growth.
It has become very popular not only in Tamilnadu but also in Kerala
and Andhra Pradesh. The seeds are bold, just like peas and when they
are tender the beans are pinkish green in colour and can be cooked
as curry or added to Kurma or Sabji. When the beans mature they canbe
used as Dhall.
BSR 1 variety is recommended for growing in kitchen
gardens, backyards, farm road sides, as border crop insugarcane, banana
and betelvine and as a shade crop in turmeric and as a bund crop in
paddy double cropped wetlands.
The best season for sowing this crop is June-July.
Small pits are dug 90 cm apart and the pits are filled with a mixture
of well decomposed manure or compostand soil. Fifteen grams of urea
and 30 grams of superphosphate need to be applied in each pit. Two
to three seeds are dibbled per pit and watered. When they grow six
inches height one plant may be retained in each pit.
Watering is to be done as and when needed. The plant
grows 150-200 cm in height with 7 - 10 branches. It comes to flowering
in about five months. If harvested when the pods are tender the beans
will be fit for making curry. Each plant will yield two to three kg
of green pods at an average seed yield of 750 g to one kg per plant.
After the first harvest, the branches are pruned and allowed to grow
further.
In another 45-60 days the plants produce the second
flush. For pure crop, about 3kg of seeds maybe required.
