SMALL MILLETS

Tenai, Samai, varagu, Panivaragu, Kudiraivali

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1. SEASON AND VARIETIES

Crop
Districts grown
Tenai

Dharmapuri,Vellore, Tiruvannamalai, Cuddalore,Villupuram, Salem,

Namakkal Erode, Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli,Perambalur,Karur,

Madurai, Dindigul, Theni,Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi
Samai

Dharmapuri,Vellore,Tiruvannamalai,Erode,Salem,Namakkal, Coimbatore,Madurai,Dindigul, Theni,Tirunelveliand Thoothukudi
varagu

Vellore, Tiruvannamalai,Kancheepuram,Tiruvallur, Dharmapuri, Salem, Namakkal, Cuddalore, Villupuram,Tiruchirapalli,Perambalur Karur,Thanjavur,Tiruvarur,Nagapattinam,Madurai,Dindigul,Theni and Ramanathapuram

Panivaragu Velore, Tiruvannamalai, Salem,Namakkal, Dharmapuri, Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi
Kudiraivali

Salem, Namakkal, Dharmapuri,Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli,Perambalur, Karur, Pudukottai,Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Ramanathapuram, Tirunelveli & Thoothukudi

 

Particulars Variety Duration(Days)
1.TENAI
Rainfed
a)June-July(Hill slopes of Coimbatore and Erode Districts CO5 90
K3 82
CO6 85-90
b) September-October (Coimbatore and Southern districts) CO4 65
CO 5 90
CO6 85-90
Irrigated
a) February-March K2 80
b) September-October CO5 90
CO 6 85-90
2.SAMAI
a) June-July (Hill slopes of Coimbatore and Erode Districts CO2 55
CO3 80-95
b)July-August (Dharmapuri Paiyur 1 105
CO 3 80-85
c) September-October K1 100
CO3 80-85
CO 3 for all Samai growing areas of Tamilnadu
3.VARAGU
Rainfed
a)June-July K1 100
b)July-August CO 3 120
APK 1 100
Vamban 1 95-100
4.PANIVARAGU
Rainfed
a)September-October K1 70
CO2 80
CO3 80
C4 75
K2 75
Irrigated
a)February-March K1 60
5.KUDIRAIVALI
Rainfed
a)September-October CO1 105
Irrigated
a)February-March CO 1 105

 

 

Package of practices for Tenai
Varieties CO4, K2 and K3Plant protection  
Duration CO4 65 days
  CO5 90 days
  K2 80 days
  K3 82 days
Season Rainfed  
  June-July (Hill slipes of Coimbatore and Erode Districts) CO5,K3
  Irrigated  
  February-March K2
  September-October CO 5
Seeds and Sowing For line planting 10 kg/h
  For sowing 12.5 kg/ha
  Use of Gorru or seed drill is recommended
Seed treatment Treat 1 kg of seeds with 2 g Thiram or Carbendazim  
Field preparation Plough the field thoroughly using a small iron plough or country plough to fine tilth  
Fertilizer application Apply basally FYM/Compost 12.5 t/ha
  Nitrogen 44 kg/ha
  Phosphorus 22 kg/ha
Spacing For line planting 22 x 10 cm, for sowing 10 cm in between plants  
Weeding First weeding is done on the 15th DAS and the second weeding on 40th DAS  
Thinning Thinning is done soon after weeding or before 20 DAS  
Plant protection Generally no major problem of pests and diseases  
Package of practices for Samai
Varieties CO 2, Paiyur 1,K1, CO 3  
Duration CO 3 55 days
  Paiyur 1 105 days
  K1 100 days
  CO 3 80-85 days
Season June-July (Hill slops of Coimbatore and Erode districts) CO2, CO 3
  July-August (Dharmapuri) Paiyur 1, CO 3
  September-October (Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi) K1, CO3
Seeds and Sowing For line planting 10 kg/ha
  For sowing 12.5 kg/ha
  Use ofGorru and seed drill is recommended
Seed Treatment Treat 1 kg of seeds with 2 g Thiram or Carbendazim  
Field preparation Plough the field thoroughly 2 or 3times using a small iron plough or country plough to fine tilth  
Fertilizer application Apply basally  
  FYM/Compost 12.5 t/ha
  Nitrogen 44 kg/ha
  Phosphorus 22 kg/ha
Spacing For line planting 25 x 10 cm for sowing 10 cm in between plants  
Weeding First weeding is done on the 15th DAS and the second weeding on 40th DAS  
Thinning Thinning isdone soonafter weeding or before 20 DAS  
Plant protection Usually no major problem of pests and diseases  
Package of practices for Varagu
Varieties K1, CO 3, APK 1  
Duration K1 100 days
  CO 3 120 days
  APK 1 100 days
Season Rainfed  
  June-July K1
  July-August CO 3
  September-January APK 1
Seeds and sowing For line planting 10 kg/ha; For sowing 12.5 kg/ha  
  Use of Gorru or seed drill is recommended
Seed treatment Treatr 1 kg of seeds with 2 g Thiramor Carbendazim  
Field preparation Plough the field thoroughly using a small iron plough or country plough to fine tilth  
Fertilizer application Apply basally FYM/Compost 12.5t/ha
  Nitrogen 44 kg/ha
  Phosphorus 22 kg/ha
Spacing For line planting 45 x10 cm for sowing 10 cm in between plants  
Weeding First weeding is done on the 15th DAS and the second weeding on 40th DAS  
Thinning Thinning is done soon after weeding or before 20 DAS  
Plant protection Generally no major problem of pests and diseases  

 

SMALL MILLETS - MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION

PARTICULARS Kudiraivali CO1 Kudiraivali K2 Tenai CO 4 Tenai CO 5
Parentage Pureline selectionfrom Coimbatore local Single plant selection from local Selection from Gujarat local Hybrid derivative of CO1 x A113/2
Duration (days) 75 90 65-70 90-95
Pigmentation Green Green Base purple Green throughout
Tillering ability High Profuse High Moderate to High
Panicles Loose density subsent Compact-Secondarybranches incurved Small profuselybristled Bold. profuselybristled with blunt tip
Grain character Yellow Dull white Buff Yellow seeds
Grain Yield (kg/ha)        
Rainfed 1750 1250 600 1200
Special features No major diseases noted Non-lodging and drought tolerant Specially suited to mixed and multiple cropping Rust resistant
PARTICULARS Tenai K2 Tenai K3 CO 6 Tenai  
Parentage Reselection fromJapanese type Selection from SIaA2567 Hybrid derivative of CO 5 x Ise 301  
Duration (days) 80 82 85-90  
Pigmentation Green Green ..  
Tillering Ability Moderate Moderate High  
Panicles Compact and nonsheeding Long cylindrical panicle Long and drooping  
Grain character Pink Yellow Bold & Yellow  
Yield kg/ha Rainfed 1700 Irrigated 3800 1620 Rainfed 1565 Straw 3.7 t/ha  
Special features Tolerant to pest and diseases under field conditions Non-lodging, tolerant to drought, major pests and diseases Suitable for irrigated and rainfed conditions, goiod grain quality rich in protein, fat and minerals than CO 5  
PARTICULARS Samai K1 Samai CO 2 Samai Paiyur1 Samai CO 3
Parentage Reselection from PM 368 Selection Ananthapur Pureline Selection from germplasm bank
Duration(days) 90 80-85 105-110 80-85
Pigmentation Green Green .. ..
Tillering ability Moderage Moderate Moderate High
Panicles Loose,Open Well branched open and loose Semi compact, Long ..
Grain character Buff colour Brown & small Brown Brown
Grain yield (kg/ha) Rainfed 1300 700 870 1066
Special features .. .. .. Bold grain Nonlodging suits for early & late sowing
PARTICULARS Varagu K1 Varagu CO3 Varagu APK1 Vamban 1 Varagu
Parentage Reselection from IPM 600 Selection from Georgia var. Selection from Pune varagu culture PSC 5 Pureline selection from a germplasm line Pali
Duration (days) 100 120 100 95-100
Pigmentation Green Purple stem Green Basal pigmentation
Tillering ability Profuse High Moderate High
Panicles Compact Well exposed clusters spikelets Loose & Open Medium
Graikncharacter Dark brown Brown & Bold with hard seed coat DarkBrown Brown
Grain yhield (kg/ha) Rainfed 1800 1500-1800 2400 1683
Special features Shorter than CO 2 Varagu Tolerant to smut, short duration Short duration non-lodging and non-shattering, suitable for early and late sown seasons withstands shortperiods of intermittant drought, tolerant to downy mildew, smut, ergot & stemborer Resistant to sheath blight & smut diseases. Tolerant to shoot fly pest. Rich in starch, amylose protein than CO 3
PARTICULARS Panivaragu K1 Panivaragu K2 Panivaragu CO2 Panivaragu CO3
Parentage Pureline selection from Kovilpatti local Selection from PV 1685 Selection fromManjanaikanur local Selection from Coimbatore local
Duration (days) 65 75 70-75 80
Pigmentation Green Green Green throughout Green throughout
Tillering ability Moderate to high High Moderate to high Moderate to high
Panicles Loose & long with more no. of branches Loose Dense subsequent drooping Loose and spear shaped
Grain character Smoky white Grey Shining yellow bold Shining yellow
Grain yield (kg/ha) Rainfed Irrigated 1380 - 2010 3184 1200-1500 1500
Special features A very short duration type drought Non-lodging drought tolerant Non-shattering and responsive to fertilisers Non-lodging tolerant to drought suitable for late sown conditions Tolerant to head smut
PARTICULARS Panivaragu CO4      
Parentage Pureline selection from local collection of TNAU      
Duration (days) 75      
Pigmentation Green      
Tillering ability High      
Panicles Loose density Subscent      
Grain Character Golden yellow      
Grain Yield (kg/ha) Rainfed 1500      
Special features High tillering wider adaptability stable